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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SERVICES (GIS)
Related GIS Technology
GISs are closely related to several other types of
information systems, but it is the ability to manipulate and analyze geographic
data that sets GIS technology apart. Although there are no hard and fast rules
about how to classify information systems, the following discussion should help
to differentiate GIS from desktop mapping, computer-aided design (CAD), remote
sensing, and DBMS.
Desktop Mapping
A desktop
mapping system uses the map metaphor to organize data and user interaction. The
focus of such systems is the creation of maps: the map is the database. Most
desktop mapping systems have more limited data management, spatial analysis, and
customization capabilities. Desktop mapping systems operate on desktop computers
such as PCs, Macintoshes, and smaller UNIX machines.
CAD
CAD systems evolved to create designs and plans of buildings
and infrastructure. This activity required that components of fixed
characteristics be assembled to create the whole structure. These systems
require few rules to specify how components can be assembled and very limited
analytical capabilities. CAD systems have been extended to support maps but
typically have limited utility for managing and analyzing large geographic
databases.
Remote Sensing
Remote
sensing is the art and science of making measurements of the earth from sensors,
such as cameras carried on airplanes, satellites, or other devices. These
sensors collect data in the form of images. Remote sensing systems provide
specialized capabilities for manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing images.
Without strong geographic data management and analytical operations they can not
be called true GIS.
DBMS
Database management systems specialize in the storage and
management of all types of data including geographic data. DBMSs are optimized
to store and retrieve data and many GISs rely on them for this purpose. They do
not have the analytic and visualization tools common to GIS.
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RESOURCES
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CONTACT INFORMATION
Melvin Barnes
Program Manager
Geographic Information Services
Phone: (407) 665-1105
Fax: (407) 665-7412
E-mail
Information Technology Services
1101 E 1st Street
Sanford, FL 32771
Phone: (407) 665-0311
E-mail
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